Environmental Psychology
نویسندگان
چکیده
INTRODUCTION..................................................................................... 441 SUBSTANTIVE PARADIGMS OF PERSON· ENVIRONMENT RELATIONS.......... 444 ADAPTATION PARADIGM ....... ......... ... . . . . . . .. .. ... .. . . . . . .... .... ... ................... .. 446 Knowing the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446 Coping with Threat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 Restoring and Expanding Human Capacities... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 Contributions and Weaknesses of the Adaptive Paradigm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 THE ENVIRONMENT AS OPPORTUNITY STRUCTURE FOR GOAL-DIRECTED BEHAVIOR .. .... . ... ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 Promises and Problems in the Opportunity-Structure Model ... . ... . . . .. ..... . . . . . . . . . . . 454 SOCIOCULTURAL PARADIGM ............. . .... . . .... . ................. . ... .. . . . . . ...... . . . . .. 457 Environmental Meaning and Social Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 Group Formation and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ....... 460 Group Response to Threat . . . . ........... ... . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 Strengths and Weaknesses of the Paradigm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. . 465 TOWARD SyNTHESIS ............................................................................. 466 Research Intentions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 Historical and Geographical Specificity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468 Historical Emergence . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 Research and Action Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
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